After mortgage rates stayed surprisingly low in 2014, who knows
how they will shake out in this new year?
Whatever happens, borrowers who want to refinance or buy a home have
the best chance to get the lowest rate by knowing more, not less, about the
mortgage game.
PAY LESS MORTGAGE INSURANCE
Many homebuyers don’t have enough cash on hand to make a 20
percent down payment, which means that they generally are required to pay for
mortgage insurance as part of their monthly mortgage payment. This insurance
protects lenders when a borrower defaults on the loan.
Until late 2014, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac required down payments
of at least 10 percent. The requirement pushed many homebuyers into Federal
Housing Administration-insured loans, which have a minimum down payment of 3.5
percent. The problem is that FHA premiums are costlier than private mortgage
insurance.
But in 2015, qualified borrowers will be able to get Fannie- and
Freddie-backed mortgages with down payments as little as 3 percent. Mortgage
insurance premiums vary according to credit score and size of down payment, but
private mortgage insurance premiums generally are more affordable than FHA
premiums.
GET A THOROUGH PREAPPROVAL
Not only do sellers often prefer buyers who come preapproved by a
lender, making their offers more attractive, but a preapproved mortgage also
can help you avoid any hiccups down the line.
With a real preapproval, a mortgage broker or bank loan officer
will pull your credit report and submit supporting documentation to their
automated underwriting system. This allows the bank to give you more accurate
terms based on your actual credit score, debt obligations and income, instead
of relying on your estimates. It also puts you ahead of the process when you
finally go into contract and could help you close faster.
MAINTAIN YOUR CREDIT PROFILE
In the months leading to your home purchase, avoid changing your
credit obligations, especially between a preapproval and the closing of your
mortgage. The reason? It could hurt your credit score in a way that would raise
the rate and fees related to your loan or, at worst, keep you from qualifying
altogether.
GET ORGANIZED
Gather and keep every piece of financial paper in the two months
leading up to buying a house. That means pay stubs, bank statements for
savings, checking and investment accounts, W-2s, tax returns for the previous
two years, canceled rent checks and any mortgage or property tax statements for
other property you own.
DON’T MOVE MONEY AROUND
In the months leading up to your home purchase, keep your hands
off your finances. That includes moving money from a savings account into a
certificate of deposit, or CD. It also means no cashing in investments from
stocks, retirement accounts or CDs. Otherwise, you will create a huge headache
for yourself as you try to show the bank the paper trail of where that money
came from. In a similar vein, avoid paying off debts with savings because that
could cause your lender to worry about how you will pay for closing costs.
PREPARE TO WRITE LETTERS
Lenders these days scrutinize every corner of your financial life,
and if something looks funny, even just a little bit, they will want to know
why. That means you will have to write letters explaining the oddity.
GET YOUR GIFT EARLY
If a family member is gifting some or all of your down payment,
make sure it’s deposited in your bank account more than two months before you
apply for a mortgage. That way, the bank won’t need to source the large
deposit.
SELF-EMPLOYED? PLAN AHEAD EVEN
MORE
Self-employed borrowers have a higher hurdle to overcome after
stricter mortgage requirements went into effect in 2014. The rules require
documentation of income that includes two years’ worth of tax returns, a
typically unreliable record of a self-employed person’s take-home pay.
To get around it, self-employed borrowers should plan to take
fewer deductions the years before buying a house to boost their overall income.
If they can’t, they may consider a co-signer on the loan whose income is
documented by W-2 statements. Otherwise, they may need to search out an
unconventional loan that can qualify them based on bank statements alone.
KNOW YOUR REFI MAGIC NUMBER
If you’re thinking about refinancing your home loan, figure out what
mortgage rate you need. It’s not an easy number to calculate because you need
to look at a host of factors regarding your loan, including what you want to
get out of the refinance.
GET CREATIVE WITH A REVERSE
MORTGAGE
Older homebuyers, especially those with fixed incomes, may want to
consider a reverse mortgage to buy a home instead of draining retirement funds.
A reverse mortgage lender contributes up to 52 percent of the sales price of a
new home, while the senior, who must be at least 62 years old, comes up with
the rest. The house is titled in the borrower’s name, but the lender retains a
security interest in it. There are no monthly payments, and when the home is
sold or no longer the borrower’s primary residence, the reverse mortgage must
be repaid. Any remaining equity belongs to the borrower, heirs or estate.
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bustling enterprises have no clue that they do have alternative choices.